ROP

Retention of placenta (ROP) in dairy cattle and buffaloes is the inability to expel fetal membranes within 8 to 12 hours post-calving. Physiologically, placental separation involves the complex enzymatic breakdown and detachment of approximately 100 maternal caruncles from fetal cotyledons (placentomes). When the placentome separation fails, forced manual removal often leads to severe endometrial damage, … Read more