Clinical Case Study: Surgical Correction of Congenital Umbilical Hernia in Cattle via Open Herniorrhaphy

Umbilical hernias can be defined as the most common congenital structural defects or some time due to accident and hitting by another animals encountered in young cattle. They occur due to incomplete closure or delayed contraction of the umbilical ring after birth, allowing abdominal contents-most commonly omentum or loops of intestine-to protrude through the ventral … Read more

Clinical Case Study: Canine Acute Bacterial Cystitis & Suspected Urolithiasis in a German Shepherd

Let’s start understanding about Canine Lower Urinary Tract Disease (LUTD) incorporating acute bacterial cystitis and urolithiasis (urinary calculi), which is a frequent cause of visceral abdominal pain and behavioral distress in adult companion animals. German Shepherds and other large-breed dogs often present with subtle behavioral shifts like flank biting, targeting the abdominal area, and postural … Read more

Clinical Case Study: Managing Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory skin disease caused by allergic response to environmental allergens. The persistent scratching leads to skin lesions which in turn lead to a cycle of recurring dermatitis and infection. The way to manage canine allergic dermatitis is by breaking the inflammatory cycle, reducing the itch and subsequent … Read more

Clinical Review for hair loss in dogs – canine alopecia

1. Introduction – Canine Hair Loss Canine alopecia is a common dermatological disease characterized by focal or total loss of hair on the body surface due to follicular damage or hair breakage or brittleness (Miller et al., 2020). The disease processes are broadly classified into inflammatory/pruritic and non-inflammatory/endocrine alopecia (Patel et al., 2022). Inflammatory alopecia … Read more

Clinical Management of Allergic Reaction in Pet Animals: A Clinical Case study

1. IntroductionAcute hypersensitivity reactions in animal patients exist on a clinical spectrum spanning mild, localized cutaneous allergic response to severe acute, anaphylactic shock (Tizard, 2020).Anaphylactic shock is precipitated by antigen exposure rapidly resulting in IgE mediated degranulation of systemic mast cells and basophils, culminating in release of large quantities of histamine, leukotrienes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines … Read more

Easy Dog Training Guide: From Basic Commands to Mind Games

1. Understanding How Dogs Learn (The Simple Way!) Dog training does not require complicated rules and guidelines. Simply put, dogs learn new behaviors through a simple link between an action and a consequence, where positive outcomes become desired (Pryor, 2019). Modern vets suggest using positive reinforcement and ignore all the myths about avoiding rewarding your … Read more

Is Pet Insurance Worth It ?

1. The Changing Dynamics of Pet Healthcare Economics The economics of veterinary care have shifted dramatically over the last decade, as new technological advances emerge and become integrated into mainstream companion animal treatment (Palmer et al., 2023). The ability to provide treatment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), oncology-specific regimes and biologics has … Read more